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Artemis Project Update

by Simon Rowland

The Artemis Project is a privately financed commercial venture to establish a permanent, manned lunar base and to exploit the resources of the moon for future development of space travel.
[Artemis Project logo]    The early stages of lunar development, including the first flight, are paid for through associated ventures in traditional industries such as entertainment and merchandising. The revenues expected from those sources are at least three times the cost of the first mission. Because of this funding mechanism, no direct investment in manned space is required, and the Artemis Project will have made a net profit before the first launch.
    For further information on the Artemis Project, explore the web site at http://www.asi.org/ or email artemis@asi.org.

Conferences

Artemis Society International, the world-wide team which is managing the project, communicates primarily via the Internet. As well, there are annual (soon to be semi-annual) working conferences where a part of the Artemis Project is discussed and related issues are resolved.
    Although most work can be done effectively over the Net, some is best done in person at conferences or local chapter meetings. Also, getting to know the other members of the Artemis Society team enhances communications. And finally, we get a whole lot of work done at the conferences.

Artemis '96

Artemis '96 was held on the weekend of June 28-30, and was a business conference. Artemis '95 was a technical conference, and since then most of the major issues have been resolved in that area, so the focus this year was on setting up near-term revenue sources, various legal and economic issues, and the long-term economic model for the lunar community.
    The conference was held in a series of suites in the Houston, Texas Nassau Bay Hilton, overlooking Clear Lake's marina. After burning ourselves out from the near-16 hour working days, the balcony was a popular place to sit out in the 37-degree [Celsius, 100 degrees Fahrenheit -ed.] air and watch the world shimmer in the summer heat.
    The group broke into teams of about five, and attacked the esoteric detail of the business side of the Artemis Project in two-hour sessions. Later, the crowd assembled and results were presented. After the general assembly, people would trickle off to either lunch, dinner, or to bed.
    The conference book had a total of 38 workshops over the long weekend, some of which were combined and moved about as the conference progressed. This was primarily because attendance was less then had been hoped. However, the attendance (about 25) was certainly enough to get the necessary work done.

BBC TV Interview

The Artemis Project is being featured in an eight-part documentary series called "Future Fantastic" being made by the BBC in partnership with an American cable network. This is a prime-time, high-profile series being hosted by Gillian Anderson, the actor who plays Agent Scully on the X-Files. The subject matter is space development and life in the future.
    There were a number of telephone interviews prior to Artemis '96, and two television interviews at the conference. Greg Bennett and Simon Rowland were the two interviewed, in sessions several hours long each. Discussed were a wide range of topics relating to the Artemis Project, lunar and space development, and what can be expected in the future. The Artemis Project was the focus of the interview, however.
    At Artemis '95 a camera crew from the Huntsville TV News was present, and although this time the conference was unannounced to the press, newspaper reporters appeared both times.
    The documentary "Future Fantastic" will air before printing in the UK, but not for a while yet in North America. Check your TV listings for it.

Highlights of Results

The conference was quite successful in resolving issues related to the business side of the Artemis Project. Some highlights of the many workshops:

* Near-term products and revenue sources
    One of the immediate action items for the Artemis Project is setting up more companies producing Artemis Logo products. There is a line of existing products, and Artemis Magazine will have made a stock offering by print time, but there remain many untapped industries and potential revenue sources much more significant then the relatively inconsequential ventures to date. Now that the Artemis Project is actually being implemented, the larger ventures must be set up.
    This workshop examined a wide range of potential commercial products, most of which were rejected as having an insufficient return on investment, difficult market entry, small non-monetary return, or as requiring excessive amounts of internally-supplied capital.
    Products were identified as being likely candidates for existing companies supplying startup capital and having the Artemis trademark and content material licensed to them, as opposed to requiring a capital investment from the Lunar Resources Company (TLRC) with the product being developed as a subsidiary of TLRC.
    The end result was a list of potential products and markets, most of which require no LRC capital to start, and can be exploited immediately. The list is currently being followed up on and many new products are being pursued.

* Artemis Society Team Communications
    To coordinate a large team spread out over the world, effective and efficient communications are very important. The workshop resolved a number of the issues outlined in the Electronic Communications Technical Committee's Task List, such as a dramatic revamping of the Web editing and management system. Significant progress in the ECTC resulted from this (quite long) workshop.

* Presentation on Logo Merchandise
    Michael Jorewicz, a senior marketing specialist, gave a presentation covering some innovative ideas in logo merchandising. The proposals and new products outlined are excellent, and are being examined and presented are being pursued.

* Artemis Society charter
    Until now, the Artemis Society had gone without a satisfactory charter statement. These are some of the key points about ASI's goals were decided upon, after much debate:

  • carry out business and technical design work related to the Artemis Project
  • act as a scientific and educational institution related to space development
  • be a membership organization giving people an opportunity to participate directly in space development
  • support local ASI chapters
    It was also decided that ASI would definitely not govern other areas, such as:
  • handling the assets required to execute the space development
  • social causes not absolutely essential to the success of commercial space development
  • executing the program
  • ownership of the technical and business design work.
The actual volunteer work remains the property of the creators, so the work can be licensed by the Lunar Resources Company.

* ASI Local Chapters
    Another document which required much thought was the charter and functions for Artemis Society local chapters. In the end, the most significant decisions were that:

  • Chapters should be subsidized by the international organization
  • There should be no separate memberships for local chapters and ASI
  • That a key function of local chapters should be to provide a non-electronic forum for members to contribute, through hosting regular local meetings and workshops, providing paper copies of the Artemis Data Book, and through other means.
    Also decided upon were revenue sources, chapter responsibilities, and a host of other issues including the drafting of a charter.

* Work Breakdown Structure
    This workshop developed a strawman Work Breakdown Structure of the entire Artemis Project. We needed (and now have) a WBS of the entire project, including its administration, so that we can define the work to be done by each participating organization.

* Lunar Entertainment Industry
    Entertainment on the Moon is an important industry: not only does it attract tourists, but it keeps the productivity of the lunar work force high. An exhaustive logic tree was used to look for all possible venues of the lunar entertainment industry. The result of this workshop was a very long list of possibilities to explore in the economic model of lunar development currently under construction.

* Intermediate Revenue Sources
    In the limited time available to develop the Artemis Project's economic feasibility studies, the most carefully modeled areas are from now to the first few launches (which saw most of the work; the resultant documents are rock-solid), and long-term lunar development. However, getting from the early exploration base to the level of infrastructure involved in Lunar Tourism is a part of the time line of lunar development that has not yet been explored adequately. Although the consensus is that there are no insuperable financial hurdles in that time period, we are anxious to model the economic possibilities in greater detail.
    This is what was done, in a very preliminary form, in this workshop. Early lunar passenger transportation, falling into the scientific, corporate, and tourist divisions, was a revenue source examined. Selling scientific data and exploiting the last of the entertainment and sponsorship value were two other possibilities.
    Using the established infrastructure as a revenue source: contractual lunar resource prospecting, as well as renting laboratory space, power, thermal and radiation protection, and man-hours, were cited as possible revenue sources.
    Development of lunar resources, which will have to be done in any event, can be made profitable as well. Successful pilot plants or early production facilities will produce salable products for use in cislunar space. The engineering data would also be of significant economic value to other companies wishing to enter the lunar resource development industry.
    Scientific revenues were also explored, in transporting and deploying experiments, leveraging scientific projects with lunar resources, data from experiments and equipment owned by the Lunar Resources Company, and in sample return. Lunar samples may also be a marketable product.

News

Since progress in the Artemis Project is steady and plodding, in terms of news it's like reporting on the movements of a glacier.
However, there are a number of noteworthy events to keep in mind.
    On the business side of the Artemis Project, there will be several LRC subsidiaries incorporated in the next few months, releasing a products and services looking to generate substantial revenues. There are also many products being seriously examined and content material being prepared for market entry.
    Now that the time has arrived to actually implement the program, dramatic (if hushed) progress in this side of the Artemis Project can be expected.
    The long-term economic model for lunar development under development is another major project, and progress has been made in this important area. The depth to which a period has been modeled is not even along the time line of lunar development, and this work, among others, is being done to eventually model the cash-flow as carefully as that for the first flight has been.
    Technically, progress continues as more and more technical committees are formed and become active in working on the preliminary design.
    If you would like to help make this happen, look on the web site at http://www.asi.org/Things_You_Can_Do.html and email artemis@asi.org. There's lots to be done, regardless of background and training.

Simon Rowland (simon@eagle.ca) is a student who lives with his family near Port Hope, Ontario. He is the local representative of the Artemis Society. "The Artemis Project" and "Moonbase Artemis" are trademarks of The Lunar Resources Company.


The Clark Telescope at 100

by Jeff Foust

[Image of Clark Telescope]With kitchenware serving as lens caps and old Ford truck tires helping to rotate the dome, it might seem like a hobbyist's toy. However, the 24-inch (61-cm) Clark telescope at Lowell Observatory, which marked its one hundredth anniversary July 23, has become a celebrated research and educational tool.
    Lowell Observatory, located on Mars Hill a few hundred feet above downtown Flagstaff, had already been in existence for a year when Percival Lowell decided in 1895 he needed a larger telescope to better carry out his studies of Mars. As the 12- and 18-inch (30- and 45-cm) telescopes Lowell had borrowed weren't sufficient, he ordered a 24-inch refracting telescope from famed telescope maker Alvan Clark and Sons of Cambridgeport (now part of Cambridge), Massachusetts, at a cost of $20,000.
    By July 1896 the telescope was completed and shipped to Flagstaff. Lowell and Alvan G. Clark himself installed the lens in the tube of the telescope on July 23, and the telescope saw first light that night.
    Ironically, Lowell had already decided to abandon the Flagstaff site for his observatory. The weather the first winter there had been terrible, and Lowell now sought an observing site in the warmer climate of Mexico. By December of 1896, the Clark telescope was set up at Lowell's new site near Mexico City, just in time for a favorable opposition of Mars.
    The Mexican site turned out to be a failure, though, as the seeing at the site was much worse than they had in Flagstaff. So, the Clark telescope returned to its original site by April 1897, never to depart again.
[Image of observing chairs and tires]    Throughout its history the Clark telescope has been used for a number of different projects. Percival Lowell naturally used it for his observations of Mars, seeking evidence of canals and other signs of intelligent life on the planet (see the review of "Lowell and Mars" elsewhere in this issue.) Vesto Slipher used the Clark along with a spectrograph to discover that some "nebulae" (later interpreted to be galaxies) had significant redshifts. This was the first evidence of an expending universe that would completely alter our view of the cosmos. The Clark has also been used for extensive astrophotography projects, studies of double stars, and, in the 1960s, a lunar mapping project.
    The story of the Clark telescope's spectrograph is interesting in and of itself. As Lowell prepared to return the 18-inch telescope he had borrowed from John Brashear, he and his assistant, Andrew Douglass, thought the lens should be cleaned. They sent an errand boy into town to purchase some "good alcohol" to help clean the lens. The boy misunderstood and bought wood alcohol, which ended up etching one of the lenses. As compensation for the damaged lens, Lowell ordered a "comprehensive" spectrograph from Brashear, which would later be put to good use by Slipher.
[Image of Clark dome]    The staff of Lowell had to be innovative in other ways to maintain the telescope. When Percival Lowell ordered assistant Stanley Sykes to build a new dome for the telescope in short order, Sykes had to use the plentiful but weak Ponderosa pine wood found around Flagstaff. Fearing that the wood would not be strong enough to support a standard hemispherical dome, he designed one in the form of an upside-down bucket, which is used to this day.
    The rotation of the dome on its foundation had caused problems for Lowell astronomers for years. After several attempts at rotation techniques, including floating the dome on a solution of briny water, the current method was implemented in 1960 by Lowell astronomer Henry Giclas. He used 24 tires used for 1954 Ford pickups to support the dome, attaching electric motors to three of them to move the dome around. Today, with 1954 Ford pickup tires a rare commodity, the observatory works with a Texas company that makes vintage tires from molds for $70-80 a tire.
    This ingenuity also extends to the guide scopes attached to the side of the main Clark telescope. A 12-inch guide scope uses a frying pan, attached to a long stiff rod, as a lens cover. Similarly, a 6-inch (15-cm) guide scope uses soup bowl attached to a rod as a lens cover.
    Today, the Clark telescope is not actively used in research, as its small aperture and refractive lenses have been supplanted by other telescopes using larger mirrors. However, the Clark is still fully functional and is used much of the year in Lowell's educational programs. Today thousands of people a year have the opportunity to look through the same lens as Percival Lowell did, a century ago.


Space Frontier Foundation Conference Announcement

SFF press release

The Space Frontier Foundation announced last month an event presenting radical changes ahead in the development of space. The Foundation will bring together businessmen, scientists, members of Congress, astronauts and futurists at its fifth annual conference, to be held in Hollywood, CA.
    Scheduled for Oct. 19 - Oct. 20 at the Roosevelt Hotel, conference themes include how America can achieve cheap access to space and how innovative businesses such as space tourism can help establish the first commercial hub for private citizens to live and work there.
    Conference sessions include: progress of the first commercial companies in space, how asteroids may be a viable natural resource, and how to turn NASA's International Space Station into the heart of a commercial center on the frontier. Attending the conference will be such luminaries as: Gemini/Apollo/Skylab astronaut Pete Conrad, head of Universal Space Lines; Congressman George Brown (D-Colton), Ranking Minority Member of the House of Representatives' Science Committee; and Dr. Robert Zubrin, a leading advocate for the exploration and settlement of Mars.
    "The conference is designed to help change America's thinking that space development is limited to government projects," said Rick N. Tumlinson, president of the Space Frontier Foundation. "We believe that the American public is ready to visit, live and work in space, and that cheap access to space driven by free enterprise will be the ticket that opens the frontier.
    The conference fees are: $55 till Sept. 5, $70 till Oct. 4, $90 thereafter, with a one-day rate of $50. Student rates are available. For more information on the conference, visit the Space Frontier Foundation World-Wide-Web Site at http://www.space-frontier.org, send email to OpenFrontier@delphi.com, or call 1-800-78SPACE.
    The Space Frontier Foundation is a grass-roots national space policy and media organization made up of space and political professionals, scientists, entrepreneurs and citizens of all types. The Foundation calls for a new space agenda that puts the people first, stresses free enterprise and individual achievement over a single government program, works to save the Earth's environment and sets out a path for the human settlement of space.


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