Book Reviews

Reviews:


Life on Mars, 100 Years Ago

[Image of book cover]Lowell and Mars
by William Hoyt
University of Arizona Press, 1976 (second printing, 1996)
softcover, 376pp., illus.
ISBN 0-8165-0514-4
US$24.95

This reprinting of Hoyt's classic study of Percival Lowell and his fascination with the red planet was timed to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the 24-inch Clark refractor at Lowell Observatory. While that timing still held true, an even better coincidence is the reprinting of this book with the announcement of evidence of possible primitive life that may have once existed on Mars. Taking that into account, Lowell and Mars becomes a delightful way to compare and contrast the current excitement over life on Mars with the hoopla of a century ago.
    At the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth, Mars came under unparalleled scrutiny. After Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli reported seeing something on Mars that resembled channels -- canali, in Italian -- the search was on for further evidence of life, in particular intelligent life, on Mars. With astronomical photography still in its infancy, astronomers relied on their own eyes, and the eyes of other observers, peering through telescopes to look for signs of life.
    A late entry into these observations was Percival Lowell. Scion of a wealthy Boston family, Lowell had time to indulge in a number of pursuits unrelated to the family businesses, such as his interest in the Far East. Another interest had been astronomy, and when he heard that Schiaparelli was being forced to stop his Martian observations due to failing eyesight, Lowell decided to continue to carry them out from a new observatory site in Arizona.
    Of course, Lowell soon became synonymous with the purported Martian canals and the alien intelligences which built them. This had as much to do with Lowell's skills as an astronomer as his skills in public communication, which included a number of lecture series and several popular books on the subject. In an era where scientific journals were much less commonplace than today and scientific conferences very rare, Lowell used the popular press to publicize his results and gain fame -- and notoriety.
    Of course, the canals that Lowell saw on Mars don't exist, although at least one of the features he saw and interpreted as a canal may have been Valles Marineris, the planet's gigantic rift valley. Was Lowell practicing bad science, or was he providing his own subjective analysis in a field of study that was just developing objective milestones (such as planetary astrophotography, a field pioneered by Lowell and Carl Lampland)? The book leaves that as an open question, although it does suggest that Lowell may have been so blinded by his search for the "obvious" intelligent life on Mars that ignored or deprecated evidence to the contrary. Not deliberately bad science, but not good science either.
    Reading Lowell and Mars and comparing its events to the media circus, however temporary, that ensued when NASA scientists announced their discovery last month, is interesting and educational. While the science had advanced greatly in the last one hundred years, some behaviors, such as the popular media's tendency to sensationalize certain controversial aspects of a story, remain as true in 1896 as they do in 1996. This well-written, enjoyable look provides an interesting perspective on the latest Martian hubbub by looking at the past.


Buzz's Encounter with Science Fiction

[Image of book cover]Encounter with Tiber
by Buzz Aldrin and John Barnes
Warner Books, 1996
hardcover, 560pp., illus.
ISBN 0-446-51854-9
US$21.95/C$26.95

Without reading one page of Encounter with Tiber, you know that this book will sell a lot of copies simply on the basis of the first author's name. What sort of drama can Buzz Aldrin, who can call upon decades of technical expertise and experience, weave along with science fiction author John Barnes? The result is an intriguing story full of interesting concepts, many of which will look familiar to readers, but falls short in many aspects of plot and narrative.
    In the early years of the next century, only a few years from now, the American space program is slowly growing. After the shuttle Endeavour crashes in the Atlantic in a launch abort, the U. S. is forced to become more innovate in its efforts to maintain its presence in space to keep up with other countries, in particular China, which has emerged as America's (and Europe's, Russia's, and Japan's) adversarial superpower.
    This development receives an unexpected jolt when scientists, including astronauts on the International Space Station, discover a signal coming from Alpha Centauri. Decoded, it reveals that aliens visited the solar system thousands of years ago, and points to settlements they left on the Moon and Mars. The race is then quickly underway to find these settlements and look for repositories of knowledge left behind that may provide humankind with the key to the stars.
    Aldrin and Barnes lace a number of interesting, even provocative scientific and engineering ideas into the novel. Those who have followed many of the proposals for spacecraft to reach orbit, the Moon, and Mars, will see versions of these presented here (including Aldrin's own idea for "cycler" spacecraft to travel from Earth to Mars and back repeatedly: one of the cyclers in the novel is immodestly but appropriately named "Aldrin"). It's great to see these ideas reach a wider audience this book will have, provided readers don't simply dismiss these as mere fictional concepts.
    Unfortunately, great engineering ideas alone do not make a great science fiction, or any other kind, of novel. Aldrin and Barnes get carried away with introducing new spacecraft or technologies, and will spend several pages describing them. After going through the whole description (which in many cases includes technical illustrations, unusual for a novel but appropriate here) the reader is left wondering, "Now just where were we?" The plot is often lost in the midst of these technical descriptions. Some authors, like Tom Clancy, can get away with this because the latter part of his novels feature non-stop, can't-put-this-book-down action and suspense which is often set up by the technical descriptions earlier in the book. This is not the case here, however.
    The plot itself is also disappointing, with a number of problems. In the first thirty pages of the novel, we find the authors have completely scrambled the method of naming discovered asteroids, misspelled the name of a major science and engineering school (which happens to be the reviewer's alma mater!) and open a plot hole by describing a television camera crew filming the splashdown of the Endeavour -- while noting a few pages before the shuttle was ditching into the Atlantic Ocean at night. Other problems, not necessarily as major, appear elsewhere in the novel.
    There are also problems with characters in the novel. Some characters hyped up as major players, like Sig Jarlsbourg, the entrepreneur seeking to promote space tourism and colonization, play only a minor role in the novel, mostly to help develop the major players. The Tiberians themselves, whose account of their presence on Earth nearly 10,000 years ago takes up a major portion of the novel, turn out to be disappointingly humanlike. Replace their names and anatomical descriptions with human ones and in most cases they will seem convincingly human.
    As stated at the beginning of the review, this book will succeed based in large part on the author himself. Those looking for a novel packed with lots of good speculative ideas on future spacecraft and science will also find Encounter with Tiber rewarding. However, if you're looking for a well-paced novel with an intriguing plot and interesting characters, Encounter with Tiber will sadly disappoint.


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